Distinguished Flying Cross
History
The Distinguished Flying Cross is a British Empire and Commonwealth military decoration. The medal was instituted in June 1918 and was awarded to personnel of the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force and other services, and formerly to officers of other Commonwealth countries, for ‘…an act or acts of valour, courage or devotion to duty whilst flying in active operations against the enemy’.
It was originally awarded to air force commissioned officers and to Warrant Officers, however, during the Second World War it was also awarded to Royal Artillery officers from the British Army serving on attachment to the RAF as pilots-cum-artillery directors. Since the Second World War, the award has been open to army and naval aviation officers.
Since the 1993 review of the honours system, as part of the drive to remove distinctions of rank in awards for bravery, the award has been made available to other ranks as well.
The Distinguished Flying Medal, previously awarded to other ranks, has been discontinued.
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross are entitled to use the post-nominal letters ‘DFC’.
Description
The medal is of an ornate cross design, based upon an aircraft's propeller blades, 54mm wide and 60mm in height and is struck in silver. The obverse of this medal features airplane propellers superimposed on the vertical arms of the cross and wings on the horizontal arms.
In the centre is a laurel wreath around the RAF monogram surmounted by an Imperial Crown. The horizontal and bottom bars are terminated with bumps, the upper bar with a rose
The reverse depicts Royal Cypher and the date; ‘1918’ at the centre and the year of issue engraved on the lower arm.
The ribbon is attached by way of a straight suspender decorated with laurel wreaths and attached to the medal at the top of the upper arm.
The medal was issued un-named, however, it is now awarded with the recipient's name and the date engraved on the reverse.
Ribbon
The ribbon is 30mm wide and was originally white in colour with purple broad horizontal stripes. This was changed in 1919 to the current white with purple diagonal stripes.
Bars/Clasps
Bars awarded to the Distinguished Flying Cross in recognition of the performance of further acts of gallantry meriting the award are worn on the ribbon.
In undress uniform or on occasions when the medal ribbon alone is worn, a silver rosette is worn on the ribbon to indicate each bar.
Further relevant historical context can be found at the foot of this entry.
Dealer Retail Value *
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Distinguished Flying Cross George V issue from
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£2000.00
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DFC George VI issue from
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£2000.00
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DFC Elizabeth II issue from
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£2000.00
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For valuations for medals attached to an attributable group please ‘contact us’.
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For valuations for medals with a second bar award please ‘contact us’.
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* It should be noted that the values quoted above reflect the average price that a medal dealer may expect to sell this medal for - please see the ‘things you should know’ web page for more details about valuing medals.
Further Historical Context
This section contains information on the following:-
- The British Honours System.
- The London Gazette.
The British Honours System - The British honours system is a means of rewarding individuals' personal bravery, achievement, or service to the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories. The system consists of three types of award: honours, decorations and medals:
Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service, decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds and medals are used to recognise bravery, long and or valuable service and or good conduct.
Although the Anglo-Saxon monarchs are known to have rewarded their loyal subjects with rings and other symbols of favour, it was the Normans who introduced knighthoods as part of their feudal government.
The first English order of chivalry, the Order of the Garter, was created in 1348 by Edward III. Since then the system has evolved to address the changing need to recognise other forms of service to the United Kingdom.
As the head of state, the Sovereign remains the 'fount of honour', but the system for identifying and recognising candidates to honour has changed considerably over time.
Various orders of knighthood have been created (see below) as well as awards for military service, bravery, merit, and achievement which take the form of decorations or medals.
Most medals are not graded. Each one recognises specific service and as such there are normally set criteria which must be met. These criteria may include a period of time and will often delimit a particular geographic region. Medals are not normally presented by the Sovereign.
A full list is printed in the 'order of wear', published infrequently by the London Gazette.
A complete list of approximately 1350 names is published twice a year, at New Year and on the date of the Sovereign's (official) birthday. Since their decisions are inevitably subjective, the twice-yearly honours lists often provoke criticism from those who feel strongly about particular cases.
Candidates are identified by public or private bodies, by government departments or are nominated by members of the public. Depending on their roles, those people selected by committee are submitted either to the Prime Minister, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, or Secretary of State for Defence for their approval before being sent to the Sovereign for final approval.
Certain honours are awarded solely at the Sovereign's discretion, such as the Order of the Garter, the Order of the Thistle, the Royal Victorian Order, the Order of Merit and the Royal Family Order.
The awards are then presented by the Sovereign or her designated representative. The Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge and the Princess Royal have deputised for the Queen at investiture ceremonies at Buckingham Palace.
This information was taken from ‘Wikipedia’. The original article and details of the authors can be found here. It is reproduced on this web-site under the ‘creative commons’ licence which can be found here.
The London Gazette - The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the United Kingdom, in which certain statutory notices are required to be published. The London Gazette claims to be the oldest surviving English newspaper and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the UK, having been first published on 7 November 1665 as The Oxford Gazette.
This title is also claimed by the Stamford Mercury and Berrow's Worcester Journal, because the Gazette is not a conventional newspaper offering general news coverage. It does not have a large circulation.
Other official newspapers of the UK government are the Edinburgh and Belfast Gazettes, which, apart from reproducing certain materials of nationwide interest published in The London Gazette, also contain publications specific to Scotland and Northern Ireland, respectively.
In turn, The London Gazette not only carries notices of UK-wide interest, but those relating specifically to entities or people in England and Wales. However, certain notices that are only of specific interest to Scotland or Northern Ireland are also required to be published in The London Gazette.
The London, Edinburgh and Belfast Gazettes are published by TSO on behalf of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. They are subject to Crown Copyright.
In the British Armed Forces, the despatch is published in the London Gazette.